A Brief Note On Diabetes And Its Effects - 982 Words

Diabetes mellitus, simply known as diabetes, is a condition where the body does not process food properly (CDC). Originating in Europe and Africa, diabetes has become the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, in between pneumonia and Alzheimer s Disease. The pancreas, an organ located near the stomach, makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose get into the cell of our bodies. A person is diagnosed a diabetic when their bodies do not produce enough insulin or they cannot use their own insulin as an energy source. This causes sugars to build up in the blood as well as major complications. The first case of diabetes recorded in medical textbooks was about 1425 (Dr. Ananya Mandal). In 1675, Thomas Willis, an English doctor, added the word â€Å"mellitus† to diabetes because of the sweet taste of urine. It was not until 1776 when an English physician named Matthew Dobson confirmed that the sweet taste of urine was from the excess sugars in the bloodstream of dia betics. There are two types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2 (CDC). Type 1, also called juvenile diabetes, accounts for 5-10% of the people diagnosed with diabetes. The risk factors include one’s environmental surroundings and genomic DNA. If a person has had a close family member such as a parent or sibling diagnosed with diabetes, their risk of developing the disease is somewhat higher than others. Type 2 accounts for 90-95% of all those diagnosed. This type is more common in teenagers and adults.Show MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Diabetes And Its Effects On Diabetes Essay1161 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes Policy This paper focuses on people with diabetes. Diabetes occurs when there is impaired ability by the pancreas to produce enough insulin, or the body loses its ability to utilize the insulin produced by pancreas effectively. Consequently, the body fails to regulate the level of glucose in the blood. The failure to control glucose leads to episodes of hyperglycemia, especially after a meal. Diabetes is one of the chronic conditions that account for the largest morbidity rates globallyRead MoreA Brief Note On Diabetes And Its Effects On Diabetes1644 Words   |  7 PagesDiabetes Dilemma Approximately 25.8 million people suffer from diabetes in the United States alone (Cheever Hinkle, 2014). Without a doubt, this is a surprising statistic and somewhat horrifying. Within 15 years, it is estimated that over 30 million people will have diabetes; although many people are unaware they have diabetes. Flaws in insulin secretion or action cause increased blood glucose levels, which is the main distinction of diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is a serious condition that canRead MoreA Brief Note On Diabetes And Its Effects1729 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is diabetes Diabetes is a disorder in which our body does not process food for use as energy. Whenever we eat food, it is turned into glucose or sugar for our bodies to use for energy. The main organ that makes the hormone called insulin that helps the glucose get into our bodies properly, is the pancreas, which lies near the stomach. When you develop diabetes, that means your body is not making enough insulin or cannot use its own insulin as it should. When that happens, it causes sugarRead MoreA Brief Note On Diabetes And Its Effects1340 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Diabetes is chronic disease that effects many people in the United States. Diabetes is a very self-manageable disease, however, there are a number of barriers that may stand in the way of a diabetics getting the treatment they need to keep this disease under control. Due to the cost of doctors appointments, medications, blood glucose monitoring supplies and healthy foods, low-income diabetics often have a difficult time managing the disease. Without proper medical care and self managementRead MoreA Brief Note On Diabetes And Its Effects Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pages Diabetes is a disease that took over 29.1 million people’s lives in 2014, which was over two years ago. That 29.1 million individuals were approximately 9.3% of the populace of the United States, during the year of 2014, as stated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diabetes is scientifically referred to as diabetes mellitus, this disease is increasing within the United States at an alarming rat e amongst all individuals. Diabetes is a term that defines some diseases which are resultsRead MoreA Brief Note On Diabetes And Its Effects Essay1358 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus is a disease that affects 9.3% of the American population, and also accounts for being the 7th leading cause of death in the United States. Diabetes can be an undoubtedly frightening, but controllable disease. There are a few ways to prevent some cases of diabetes and also steps that can be taken to lessen the effect of the disease on one’s life who has it. Diabetes is a disease of the body is unreceptive to the hormone insulin that is secreted by the pancreas or in some casesRead MoreA Brief Note On Diabetes And Its Effects3477 Words   |  14 PagesIn general, diabetes is a disease where the body is incapable to control levels of glucose in the blood, generating an excess glucose present in the blood. Glucose is a simple sugar which provide our body the energy that comes from food we ingest and the water that we drink. Food that contains high carbohydrates in the forms of starches and sugars comes from food like bread, cereals, dairy products, fruits, and some vegetables. If an excess of glucose occurs in the blood, it is then processed byRead MoreA Brief Note On Diabetes And Its Effects On The Body Essay1267 Words   |  6 Pages Diabetes is caused when the body is unable to produce or use insulin properly. Since carbohydrates are a main source of energy, insulin must be present in the bloodstream in order to convert carbohydrates into glucose. Glucose is then used to open the cellsRead MoreA Brief Note On Diabetes And Its Effects On The Quality Of Life3510 Words   |  15 Pages Diabetes has been portrayed as an epidemic affecting an expected 104 million individuals around the world. Diabetes is not only a typical chronic ailment as well as it meets all 3 criteria for a public health disease (Cockram, 2000). The objective of the clinical administration of all types of diabetes is to control metabolic disorders related to diabetes without adversely affecting the quality of life (Renders, et al. 2000). The research study is focused on management of diabetes mellitus in AsianRead MoreA Brief Note On Diabetes And Its Effects On The Lives Of People Suffering From Diabetes Essay2303 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Diabetes is a chronic illness that effects a large number of the population, 243,125 New Zealanders were diagnosed according to the 2013 census (Diabetes New Zealand, 2014a). Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that causes unstable hyperglycaemia resulting from a defect in insulin secretion or action within the body (Belonwu, Obimba, Ozougwu Unakalamba, 2013). Diabetes is a condition that can have detrimental effects on the lives of people suffering from diabetes, diabetes is a condition

Criminal law courts in the UK - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 468 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Did you like this example? Criminal offences are categorised into three classes in accordance with their gravity: summary offences (common assault, soliciting and failure to pay a TV license), offences triable only on indictment (murder, manslaughter and causing death by dangerous driving) and offences which are triable either way (inflicting grievous bodily harm, unlawful wounding and indecent assault). This procedure is governed by the Magistrates’ Courts Act, 1980 as amended by the Criminal Procedures and Investigations Act, 1996 and further amended by the Criminal Justice Act, 2003. The amendments to the original statute were intended to reduce the workload of the Crown Court, so the defendant is asked prior to the mode of trial decision being made, to indicate his or her plea. Mode of trial will be heard once bail has either been allowed or denied. The criminal courts in England and Wales are the Magistrates’ court and the Crown Court. Those offences considered least s erious are those classified as summary offences and these are triable solely in the Magistrates’ courts. But those offences considered to be the most serious can only be tried in the Crown Court. A large number of offences such as theft are triable either way and so can be heard in either the Magistrates’ court r the Crown Court. This depends on the defendant’s plea and whether or not the magistrates’ believe that it is within their jurisdiction to pass sentence on such an offence. If the defendant pleads guilty to an offence which is traible either way then the magistrates’ can proceed to sentence (or commit to the Crown Court for sentencing). If the defendant enters a not guilty plea to a triable either way offence then the mode of trial will be held before the magistrates’. At this point the magistrates’ may decide after having heard representations by the prosecution that the matter is too serous to be heard at the Magistrates court and that the matter will be committed to the Crown court for trial. If the magistrates’ do not deicide to commit the matter to the Crown Court, the defendant still has the right to opt that the matter be heard in the Crown Court by way of trial by jury. In practice the majority of triable either way offences are heard in the Magistrates’ court as neither the magistrates nor the defendant will decide that the matter ought to be heard in the Crown Court. Failure to comply with this procedure may render the whole proceedings null and void and this may mean that defendant will able to apply for judicial review to quash any consequential conviction. A change to the mode of trial whether from being heard summarily to being heard on indictment or vice versa will only be allowed with the magistrates’ consent under s. 25 MCA, 1980 and subject to amendments by CJA, 2003. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Criminal law courts in the UK" essay for you Create order

Personality Analysis of Marilyn Monroe by Using Trait...

Personality Analysis of Marilyn Monroe By Using Trait Theories Marilyn Monroe, whose real name is Norma Jeane Mortenson, was born on June 1, 1926 in Los Angeles, California. She was American actress, singer and model. She also was one of the most famous movie star, the sex symbols and pop icons of the 20th century. Despite her an unhappy, difficult childhood she got succeed during her short life period. She worked minor roles for years. Then, she showed her comedy ability, appearance on television and attraction with films. Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, How to Marry a Millionaire, Some Like It Hot and The Seven Year Itch are some examples of these films. Her success and these films provided her to be the most popular film actress in 1950s†¦show more content†¦The most predominant features of Marilyn Monroe’s personality can be explained by extraversion and neuroticism with Eyesenk’s model of personality. If they are explained in order, first of all, she was extreme ly extroverted; she could easily carry on conversations with others despite her difficulty for developing close relational ties. She was enthusiastic, talkative, social, assertive and motivated woman. Her extraversion may also explain that why she is still remembered, talked and imitated today. Secondly, Marilyn Monroe has severe neuroticism. â€Å"People who score high on neuroticism tend to be anxious, temperamental, self-pitying, self-conscious, emotional, and vulnerable to stress- related disorders† (p.428-9). She had a tendency to experience negative, intense, puzzled feelings and was inconsistent with her feelings. She was often very depressed and in bad mood. Because of these reasons, she used drugs and alcohol. In these conditions, her childhood experiences may have a big impact on her neurotic personality. Lack of unconditional love and support from her parents, her mother’s serious medical and psychological disorders, the state of being exploited by others ma y make her more nervous, anxious, and emotional etc. Finally, I believe that psychoticism, which means being antisocial, hostile andShow MoreRelatedA Case Study And Treatment Plan For Marilyn Monroe Essay4865 Words   |  20 PagesTreatment Plan for Marilyn Monroe: Borderline Personality Disorder Anita Daswani deMena Hodges University June 12, 2015 Abstract There are many factors which may have had an effect on Marilyn Monroe’s psychological state. I will attempt to prove in my case study and treatment plan, that if Marilyn Monroe had lived in the time period we live in today she would have been better able to be overcome her struggle with mental illness. If treated for Borderline Personality Disorder (F60.3/ 301Read MoreThe Big Five Traits1842 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Big Five Traits† To The Personality of Person x A person’s personality has been the subject of psychological scrutiny for many years. Psychologists have drawn up several theories in an attempt to accurately predict and determine one’s personality. Foremost amongst these, is the â€Å"Big Five Trait Theory† which stemmed from Raymond B. Cattell’s theory. Raymond B. Cattell (1906-1998) studied the personality traits of large groups of people, calling the visible features of their personalities â€Å"surfaceRead MoreAnalysis Of A Management Strategy : The Charisma Myth Essay2190 Words   |  9 Pages Analysis of a Management Strategy: The Charisma Myth Berenice Escareno TDM 401/McWilliams September 19, 2016 Introduction Growing up, all of us had some sort of rule of thumb that either ruled in our households or school lives. We were told to do things a certain way because it has always been accomplished that way and never questioned if there was a better way in doing it. There are numerous ways in managing complex situations, so why do people believe management theoryRead More Women, Beauty and Self-Esteem Essay5143 Words   |  21 Pagesdesigned to make them beautiful. Cosmetic sales have increased annually to reach $18 billion in 1987 (â€Å"Ignoring the economy. . . ,† 1989), sales of women’s clothing averaged $103 billion per month in 1990 (personal communication, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, 1992), dieting has become a $30-billion-per-year industry (Stoffel, 1989), and women spent $1.2 billion on cosmetic surgery in 1990 (personal communication, American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, 1992). The importance of beautyRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 CommunicationRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages. . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Environmental Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Developing Standards and Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Forecasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Theory Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Management by Objectives (MBO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Total Quality Management (TQM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Policy Making . . . . . . . . . . . . Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesLine 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial CharacteristicsRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesLeadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization cultures [G.7] 2.4.2 Organization structure

Report on Strategic Management of Caribbean Airlines

Question: Describe about the Report on Strategic Management Principles and Practices of the Caribbean airlines at Trinidad and Tobago? Answer: Executive Summary: The report is based on the Caribbean airlines at Trinidad and Tobago. It provides us information about the strategic management of the organization. The report identifies three or four management challenges. It also provides the measures to address those identified challenges with the application of useful theories. Lastly, the report ends with a vivid conclusion and recommendation. Introduction: The report has been created with an emphasis upon the Caribbean airlines at Trinidad and Tobago. It provides us information about the strategic management of the organization. The report identifies three or four management challenges. It also provides the measures to address those identified challenges with the application of useful theories. There are other important information that are provided in the report. Finally the report ends with a vivid conclusion and recommendations. In and around the Caribbean region, transport through airline is quite essential for transportation of passengers as well as freight. The airline industry includes airports as well as ground facilities including the airplane and air control system. Despite the fact that the airline industry is operative only across small economies of island, it is said to offer key contribution of economic as well as social relation amidst countries, people and culture. These relations significantly offer employment by enacting as a catalyst which increases efficiency of business and that of productivity as the accessibility towards suppliers as well as customers is made more convenient. Company Background: The Caribbean Airlines that operate in the Caribbean region is considered the flag carrier as well as national airline of Trinidad and Tobago. It operates both in Caribbean and Air Jamaica brands at a same time. The airline is even a flag carrier to Jamaica with governmental stake of 16% in the airline ownership(Abdelghany and Abdelghany, 2007). Despite the fact that the airline industry is operative only across small economies of island, it is said to offer key contribution of economic as well as social relation amidst countries, people and culture. The company in association with the Caribbean Star is regarded as the largest airlines in the region. These two have been competing with each other since a very long time. There has been a proposal for merging up with LIAT that would increase the market share of the company as well as its competitive advantages(Semercioz and Kocer, 2004). Strategic choices Value creation: Corporate Strategy: The Caribbean airline industry has faced much share of bankruptcy since its establishment in 1974. The airline industry remains still as a government owned firm that is what several critics relate to the situation of financial crisis. While in one hand, all other airlines around the world are adopting the path of privatization, this airline is only partially privatized to different governments with the Barbados, being the largest shareholders (Albers, Koch and Ruff, 2005). This situation is quite critical as Barbados has its personal airline named REDjet that they wish to operate at the same region. The airline industry is now facing some issues that were previously considered to be impossible to get into complete privatization. For acquiring this objective, the Antigua airline had privatized only its part of ownership but yet its operations are not harmonized. The bankruptcy issue of the firm has been dealt with multiple changes such as rescheduling payment system with third party creditors, developing new business model, expanding from 11 to 13 Dash 8, appointing a new CEO, developing new commercial department, and eliminating city ticketing offices along with other cost-reduction measures (Benady, 2009). Competitive Strategy: The company in association with the Caribbean Star is regarded as the largest airlines in the region. These two have been competing with each other since a very long time. There has been a proposal for merging up with LIAT that would increase the market share of the company as well as its competitive advantages. Right now, the route networks for the merger are under discussion d as of now all flights are operated under the name of LIAT flights (Bowen, 2002). This imparted a greater foundation to the LIAT airline. The Caribbean airline must consider getting privatized. In the recent situation, majority of the most successful airlines are owned privately. This concept of privatization permits overseas investment by means of strategic alliances. This must anyway be restricted for avoiding exposure of the national tourism industry. Competitive advantage: Having faced the bumpy ride where the company suffered from acute bankruptcy, there arose the need for the firm to get upon the track as well as settle every debt for minimizing its expenses (US airlines try biofuels, 2012). It was reflected during the global recession effects of 2007 that witnessed the firm planning a merger with the Caribbean Star which used to be its closest competitor. On other hand, the firm has constantly reduced its cost by removing city ticketing offices as well as other cost reduction strategies to pursue its competitive advantage (Chao and Kao, 2015). This approach along with some other mergers has given a strong foundation to the company with increased number of scheduled destinations. Competitive rivalry: No business is completely free of competition. The reason is that it draws customers and the lesser a firm places its products, the more is the gain by customers. But, the airline industry is not regarding price, rather how effective strategies have been leveraged into the services. Challenges faced by the Caribbean airline industry: The airline industry is now facing some issues that were previously considered to be impossible to get into complete privatization. For acquiring this objective, the Antigua airline had privatized only its part of ownership but yet its operations are not harmonized. The airline operational in Jamaica have been hit quite hard with increased competition upon the routes as well as rising prices of fuel(Lamberg, Savage and Pajunen, 2003). The general manager of the airline, Clive Forbes, has agreed that the entity is attempting to remain in a viable state of mind. The company has been facing difficult environment as well as competitive pressure. It continuously fights for acquiring market share, with given conditions of rise in fuel price, competitive nature of routes outside Jamaica, etc. The only long-haul destination of Caribbean airline from Port of Spain to UK is placed on an uneven ground as depicted in one of the publications of the government of Trinidad and Tobago stating that the route to London has not been that profitable. Air Jamaica, purchased by Caribbean in 2012 had been losing several million services and gradually dropped the route. The Caribbean airline is faced with intense competition from North America routes since JetBlue had launched flights from Spain to Fort Lauderdale (Lawton, Rajwani and O'Kane, 2011). Before the launch of JetBlue, the airline industry of Caribbean enjoyed a monopoly upon this route. The prices of the tickets had been lowering significantly. The launch of JetBlue in the similar route has resulted in the tough competition whereby the monopoly route of Caribbean has been captured by a market that has remarkable presence and service offering at low price. The major owner of Caribbean is the government of Trinidad and Tobago, with a minor stake of Jamaican government in the carrier industry. Acquiring of Air Jamaica by Caribbean was of no success factor. The recent case of failure has been that of the protests of the pilots from carriers for not receiving incentives owed to them (Lazzarini, 2007). There has been another report saying that the government of Trinidad and Tobago would be merging with the government of Bahamas. Owing to the history of merger track record, it would not be a good idea to accompany another such merging. There can be situation of political as well as commercial complexity that may lead to new problems (Johnson, et al., 2014). The Caribbean airline has been facing several challenges on every front network, financial aspects, and labor factors. Almost four years later of the acquisition of Air Jamaica, the developed scale by the two carriers that could have imparted some stability has actually make it a reality. This was basically due to the illogical decisions made by the previous managerial teams of Caribbean airline (Mallikarjun, 2015). Under the control of a different management it was not effectively decided upon to place the airline upon a path of stability without the impact of a government which still aspires to be in the forefront. The dreams have been shattered. Now, at the present situation, the owners of the Caribbean airlines need to emphasize their focus upon the market realities which the airline has been facing incurring loss through long haul flights, increased pressure upon the core routes towards North America. Other challenges include economic sustainability as well as efficiency. Increased economic integration demands airlift, capacity issues, route to effect positively upon CARICOM nations trade as well as tourism. Some regional governments have been criticizing the government o Trinidad and Tobago to apply unfair subsidy towards Caribbean airlines that violate the rules of the trade (Mudde and Sopariwala, n.d.). Strategies to combat challenges: Admitting to lack of effective communication, the Caribbean airline has been seeking for mending relationships as well as winning back the travelers of Air Jamaica. Quality of services and lack of effective management have been leading to the downfall of the airline industry. Passengers have been complaining about counter personnel at the airport(Palese et al., 2012). However, the customers prefer travelling by the Caribbean airline because of the one unchanged factor that they possess is the free two=piece luggage policy. It is also the only airline that provides senior as well as child discount. Now, at the present situation, the owners of the Caribbean airlines need to emphasize their focus upon the market realities which the airline has been facing incurring loss through long haul flights, increased pressure upon the core routes towards North America (Pierson and Sterman, 2013). The government plays a key role here. The introduction of an innovative air traffic system is effective in maintenance of increased operational levels. Improvements in the infrastructure have led to the speeding up of the implementation of strategic plans. Developments in technology would be beneficial for leading to joint efforts. Greater cooperation as well as transparency amidst all stakeholders can be effective measure. Conclusion: It has been identified from the report that the company has been suffering from various problems associated with transportation within the region. It is also said to be incurring losses due to the ownership of the government. Most of the passengers and global customers complain about the poor services offered by the airline industry. Besides, other issues are lost luggage, poor customer services, etc. The Company should have also proceeded with alliances with other international airlines. Recommendations: The option of getting into alliance with Caribbean Star is lucrative, with consideration of further alliances to be even more beneficial. This would impact upon economic benefits owing to productivity, enhanced customer services that impart competitive advantage, reduction of cost resulting from lounge facilities share, code and terminal share amidst others. Alliance would even enable the firm to penetrate new markets that were previously restricted for other local airlines(Rajasekar and Fouts, 2009). The Caribbean airline must consider getting privatized. In the recent situation, majority of the most successful airlines are owned privately. This concept of privatization permits overseas investment by means of strategic alliances. This must anyway be restricted for avoiding exposure of the national tourism industry(Schermerhorn, 2000). Some issues in the airline transport of the specific region involve market invasion by foreign airlines that are threatening. The company must conside r invading the international market by means of alliance or by itself(Johnson, et al., 2014). The Company must also evaluate its performance each year. Ineffective leadership has resulted in the issues of bankruptcy as well as spoilt images of the firm. This has resulted in the series of failure in revenue growth as well as profitability and lack of competitive sustainability. References Abdelghany, A. and Abdelghany, K. (2007). Evaluating airlines ticket distribution strategies: a simulation-based approach.International Journal of Revenue Management, 1(3), p.231. Albers, S., Koch, B. and Ruff, C. (2005). Strategic alliances between airlines and airportstheoretical assessment and practical evidence.Journal of Air Transport Management, 11(2), pp.49-58. Benady, D. (2009). Trouble in the air for Virgin (airlines).Strategic Direction, 25(3). Bowen, J. (2002). Network Change, Deregulation, and Access in the Global Airline Industry*.Economic Geography, 78(4), pp.425-439. Chao, C. and Kao, K. (2015). Selection of strategic cargo alliance by airlines.Journal of Air Transport Management, 43, pp.29-36. Lamberg, J., Savage, G. and Pajunen, K. (2003). Strategic stakeholder perspective to ESOP negotiations: the case of United Airlines.Management Decision, 41(4), pp.383-393. Lawton, T., Rajwani, T. and O'Kane, C. (2011). Strategic reorientation and business turnaround: the case of global legacy airlines.Journal of Strategy and Mgt, 4(3), pp.215-237. Lazzarini, S. (2007). The impact of membership in competing alliance constellations: Evidence on the operational performance of global airlines.Strat. Mgmt. J., 28(4), pp.345-367. Mallikarjun, S. (2015). Efficiency of US airlines: A strategic operating model.Journal of Air Transport Management, 43, pp.46-56. Mudde, P. and Sopariwala, P. (n.d.). Relative Strategic Variance Analysis: The Case of American Airlines.SSRN Journal. Palese, A., Colognese, S., Pellicciari, C. and Mecugni, D. (2012). Implementation Strategies of Measurement Instruments and Their Validity as Adopted in Italian Hospital Nursing Practice: An Italian Cross-Sectional Study.International Journal of Nursing Knowledge, 23(2), pp.75-85. Pierson, K. and Sterman, J. (2013). Cyclical dynamics of airline industry earnings.System Dynamics Review, 29(3), pp.129-156. Rajasekar, J. and Fouts, P. (2009). Strategic alliances as a competitive strategy.International Journal of Commerce and Management, 19(2), pp.93-114. Schermerhorn, J. (2000). Vietnam Airlines' CEO Dao Manh Nhuong on strategic leadership.Academy of Management Perspectives, 14(4), pp.16-19. Semercioz, F. and Kocer, B. (2004). Strategic Alliances in the Aviation Industry: An Analysis of Turkish Airlines Experience.Journal of Transnational Management Development, 9(2-3), pp.29-45. US airlines try biofuels. (2012).International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 4(1). Johnson, G., Whittington, R., Scholes, K. and Angwin, D. (2014).Exploring Strategy: Texts and Cases. 10th ed.