Organization is social arrangement for controlled performance of collective goals

transcription is social arrangement for falsifyled actionance of collective goalsOrganizational coordinateConsists of activities such(prenominal) as travail coordination, allocation and supervision, which are directed towards the employees, get the organisational aims. It can be considered as the glass or outlook finished which individuals see their composition and its environment. Some establishments have hierarchal social systems.Work distinctivenessA manager go pasts the task to his employees and makes the subgroups or division of labor, employees allow work out better task according to their operate on experience and skill.For exampleHonda automobile Comp some(prenominal) makes the subgroups they forget divide their employees into galore(postnominal) categories. 1st histrion to act the car 2nd worker to paint the car 3rd worker to put the front and back wheel of the car another mortal to install the engine of the car and so on.AdvantageIn work specialization workers get expert to his work and at that place impart be rare chances of mistake.DisadvantageBy doing the repeated work once over again and again employees feel bored what they do.DepartmentalizationIn departmentalization jobs are change integrity into many levels. in that respect are many lawsuits of departmentalization which are given below1. Functional departmentalizationIn this type of departmentalization group of mess combine together. They put to death common task that use common engineering, and material.For exampleHR, Finance, etc.AdvantagesIn functional departmentalization wholeness function is adopted by wizard department.DisadvantagesThere is poor instruction in functional departmentalization.Communication problem volition arise in functional departmentalization.2. Product departmentalizationThis is a type of departmentalization in which products are divided according to the type of product.For exampleNestle company.AdvantagesWork experience will be more( prenominal) improved many salesmen sell the product again and there work skill is improved in product departmentalization.In this product department management of other functional activities is passing to manager.DisadvantagesIn product departmentalization administration cost will arise.Another disadvantage of this departmentalization is that it wind of the department from the other pliberal arts of the go. This department whitethorn be became genuinely extremely distri yeted with its individual task in its place performing arts in habits that will profit in generally production process and degenerates.3. GEOGRAPHICAL DEPARTMENTALIZATIONIn this departmentalization grouping actions are performed on the basis of field.E.g. coca plant Cola Company has focused the companys procedure in twice tumescentGeographic areas-the northern American sector and the internationalistic sector, which can be embraced the Pacific Rim, the European community, northeast Europe, Africa and Latin Amer ican groups.AdvantagesIt has an advantage to get quick response of different markets.According to geographical costs are kept low.If there is geographical departmentalization past employees contend the polish and languages of existing place through which they can deal their customers easily.DisadvantagesIt has a disadvantage duplication problems will be create in firm cases.Another disadvantage it has complex to manage across department.4. Process departmentalizationIn this type of departmentalization only one specific work is given to individually unit.5. Customer departmentalizationDepartmentalization in which task and jobs are performed according to the needs and wants of customers. E.g. A cross functional police squad consisting of managers from accounting, finance, and marketing is created to prepare a technology plan.Chain of commandOrder in which power and authority in an government is wielded and pass on top management to every employee at every level of the organizat ion information flow d holdward along the range of a function of command and accountability flows upward. E.g. military is an example of straight chain of command which extend in unbroken line from the top self-importance confidence to in ranks. This is also called line of command.Span of controlThe deny of control is a word to make in organization theory, but now used more normally in business management, oddly human resource management traverse of control to refer the material body of subordinates supervisor has.There are two way of span of controlTall and narrowFlat and wideTall and narrowThis type of organization size of mental synthesis is tall and narrow. In tall organization there is large number of hierarchy level. This implies a narrow span of control.AdvantagesIn tall organization employees can easily solve the problems because there is less burden of work.DisadvantagesIn tall organization communication problems will be arising, as decisivenesss take time to filter d own.In tall organization same task passes through too many levels.There whitethorn arise conflict with each others due to large level of hierarchy.Flat and wideThis type of organization size of structure is flat and wide. In flat organization there is Small number of hierarchy levels. This implies a wide span of control.AdvantagesMore chances for delegation in flat organization.In flat organization Small number of locomote on promotional ladders.DisadvantagesIn flat organization Manager may have more than one of the numbers of employees.Growth of organization may be limit or hinder in flat organization. centralizationCentralization the point to which authority for making most decision at the top level of the organization. Top level manager take the decision there will no interference of lower level of the organization in centralization. Procedures, policies and records can be standardized transition-wide in centralization.DecentralizationThe degree to which authority for making de cision of all hierarchy levels of the organization. hyaloplasm structureThe type of structure in which an organization hold team of raft make the various section of business. When team makes the specific project for any purposes they are guided by a project manager. Often the team will only exist for the time of project and structures are unremarkably deployed to create a new products and services.AdvantagesAuthorities and responsibilities can be divided among each others.There is less conflicts among each others.DisadvantagesIf the project manager creates a project teams a lot of costs can be increased.Matrix structure is not suitable for small organization.Organizational gardeningIt is an judgement in the field of management and organizational studies which can be describes the experience, attitudes, beliefs, psychological science and value (cultural values and personal) of an organization. The values and norms that are shared by groups and peoples in an organization they con trol the path of which they can relate with each others and with stakeholders outside(prenominal) of organization.There are four types of refinings which can be below. male monarch finishingRole burnishPerson culture labor culturePower culturePower culture is a culture in which one organization has more authority over another organization. .e.g. pronounce edge has more authority over all the banks of Pakistan. If state bank of Pakistan takes changes in their laws or regulations then the banks all over Pakistan will follow the state bank of Pakistan.Role cultureRole culture is a culture in which each company divide themselves into many functions and after that they give every employee a specific billet. Every employee got specialized in that role which increases organization productivity.Person culturePerson culture is a culture which emphasize on aim of organization. The target of the organization is to complete their aim. These cultures are found in those organizations which are not profit oriented.Task cultureTask culture is a culture which is submitted to a team to perform a specific task. The task is performed according to a due date. Task culture has some benefits because an employee feels inspired because he/she is selected in team to perform a task.Affect of organizational cultureThe affect of organizational culture depends upon the organization. If an organizational culture will be strong then it will make every employee to work hard or to become more efficient. It includes workers, staff, CEO Etc. some people get bored charm doing their job which can affect the organization. By having strong culture it creates the merriment in job which leads to do more effort. Organization culture helps the employee to confirm them on top if the workers are satisfied according to the culture of organization then they wont leave the job, which leads to stay in their own organization. A strong organizational culture attracts more talented people towards itself . So if the organization culture will be strong then it will create positive affect and if it is weak then it will be negative.Affect of organizational structurethe structure of an organization is big to the performance of the organization.Two basic features of an organization structure are its breadth i.e. spans of control its height i.e. the levels of decentralization.From different observations done by different researchers it is verbalise that the change in the organizational structure, through its shape in ground of breadth and height, would affect the whole organizational performance. According to researchers and theorists there are two possible models of structures.1-Flat It consists of cross-functional team, with low formalization, possessing broad information and relying on immediate decision making.2-Tall Its structure would be the opposite i.e. widespread departmentalization, high formalization, especial(a) information and centralization.Therefore, the Flat model of structure would have the maximum width (span of control) but the minimum height (level), while the Tall model of structure would have the reverse, minimum span of control and maximum level. These are illustrated in Figure 1.